“新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)、新(xin)型(xing)能源體系(xi)、新(xin)質(zhi)生產(chan)力(li)、新(xin)型(xing)工業(ye)化(hua)”的重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)部(bu)署(shu),對做好能源電(dian)力(li)工作(zuo)具(ju)有重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)指(zhi)導意義。“四新(xin)”相(xiang)互(hu)關聯、相(xiang)互(hu)作(zuo)用。
從內涵上(shang)看(kan),都是(shi)從傳統(tong)形(xing)態(tai)向更(geng)高形(xing)態(tai)的升級(ji)躍遷,涉(she)及(ji)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)(yu)(yu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、技術含量高,都需(xu)要(yao)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)來帶(dai)領(ling)(ling)和推(tui)動(dong)。從關系(xi)上(shang)看(kan),新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)承載(zai)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)轉型使命(ming)、帶(dai)領(ling)(ling)電(dian)力(li)(li)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)布局(ju)、支撐經濟(ji)運行(xing)發(fa)展,是(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型工業(ye)化(hua)(hua)在(zai)電(dian)力(li)(li)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)(yu)(yu)的具體(ti)(ti)表(biao)現(xian)形(xing)式。結合山東電(dian)網的特點,并把(ba)握(wo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)的定位(wei)、內涵和特征,深(shen)入開展理論更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、形(xing)態(tai)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、技術更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、產(chan)(chan)業(ye)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、組(zu)織更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),推(tui)動(dong)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)配置平(ping)臺化(hua)(hua)、能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)清潔化(hua)(hua)、能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費電(dian)氣化(hua)(hua)、能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)融(rong)合化(hua)(hua)、能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)業(ye)態(tai)數(shu)字化(hua)(hua)。山東將以新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)示范實踐(jian)助力(li)(li)構(gou)建新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系(xi),激發(fa)電(dian)力(li)(li)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)(yu)(yu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)(li),推(tui)動(dong)傳統(tong)電(dian)力(li)(li)工業(ye)加快新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型工業(ye)化(hua)(hua)進程,同時為(wei)其他領(ling)(ling)域(yu)(yu)(yu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)和新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型工業(ye)化(hua)(hua)提供堅(jian)強(qiang)支撐。
一、概述(WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV高壓(ya)變(bian)壓(ya)器服務快捷深受廣(guang)大客戶好評)
YDQ系列(lie)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是(shi)根據《試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標(biao)準,在(zai)(zai)油(you)浸(jin)式試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)基礎上而設計(ji)生產(chan)的(de)。SF6氣體具有良(liang)好的(de)電氣絕緣(yuan)性能及(ji)優異的(de)滅弧性能,其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為(wei)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)(xia)氮氣的(de)2.5倍(bei),擊穿電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)空(kong)氣的(de)2.5倍(bei)。在(zai)(zai)0.25MPa下(xia)(xia)與油(you)的(de)擊穿電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相等,在(zai)(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)(xia)是(shi)油(you)的(de)擊穿電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)2倍(bei),是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)優于(yu)油(you)的(de)新一(yi)(yi)代超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)絕緣(yuan)介(jie)質材料(liao)。該產(chan)品(pin)技術(shu)要(yao)求完全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標(biao)準,它是(shi)油(you)浸(jin)式輕(qing)型試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)換代產(chan)品(pin)。該產(chan)品(pin)具有體積(ji)小、重量輕(qing)、不受(shou)氣候變(bian)化影(ying)響、電暈小、現場搬運無需靜止可使用,使用壽命長、免維修等特點。適用于(yu)電力系統、工礦企業、科研(yan)部(bu)門等對(dui)各種(zhong)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電氣設備、電氣元件、絕緣(yuan)材料(liao)進行工頻(pin)或直流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)的(de)絕緣(yuan)強度試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗。
二、產品結構(WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV高壓變(bian)壓器服務快(kuai)捷深受廣大(da)客戶好評)
YDQ系列高(gao)壓試(shi)驗變壓器(qi)采用單(dan)框芯(xin)式(shi)鐵(tie)芯(xin)結(jie)構(gou),初級(ji)繞(rao)組繞(rao)在(zai)鐵(tie)芯(xin)上(shang),高(gao)壓繞(rao)組在(zai)外(wai)(wai),這種同軸布置減(jian)少了漏磁通,因而增大了繞(rao)組間的耦合(he)。產(chan)品(pin)的外(wai)(wai)殼為圓柱灌式(shi)容器(qi)結(jie)構(gou),能耐受0.8MPa以上(shang)壓力。其結(jie)構(gou)見圖1:
三(san)、工作(zuo)原理(li)(WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV高壓變壓器服(fu)務(wu)快捷深受廣大客(ke)戶好評)
YDQ系(xi)列高壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器為(wei)(wei)(wei)單(dan)相(xiang)變壓(ya)器,聯(lian)結組(zu)(zu)標(biao)號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻(pin)220V(10kVA以上(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)380V)電(dian)(dian)源接入 (為(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)公(gong)司生產的試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器配(pei)套專用設備,詳細(xi)資料請見(jian)其具體使用說明書(shu))系(xi)列操(cao)作箱(xiang)(臺),經操(cao)作箱(xiang)內自偶調壓(ya)器(50kVA以上(shang)調壓(ya)器外(wai)附(fu))調節至(zhi)(zhi)0~200V(或0~400V)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)輸出(chu)至(zhi)(zhi)YDQ試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的初級(ji)繞組(zu)(zu),根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)磁感應原理,在試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器高壓(ya)繞組(zu)(zu)可(ke)獲得(de)試(shi)驗(yan)所需的高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高(gao)壓試驗變壓器(qi)的工作(zuo)原理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系列交直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的工(gong)作原理圖見(jian)圖3,圖中(zhong)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套管中(zhong)裝有高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆,串接在(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)回路中(zhong)作半波(bo)整流(liu)(liu),以獲(huo)得(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)高電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。當用(yong)一短(duan)路桿(gan)(gan)將高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆短(duan)接時(shi),可獲(huo)得(de)工(gong)頻高電壓(ya)(ya)(ya),作為交流(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)狀態;取消短(duan)路桿(gan)(gan)時(shi),作為直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)狀態。
試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器高壓(ya)套管(guan)中的高壓(ya)硅堆未畫出(chu),其原理(li)與上圖相同(tong)。
三臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)線原理見圖4。串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)優越性,因為(wei)整個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置由幾臺(tai)單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)成,單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量(liang)(liang)小(xiao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)(di)、重量(liang)(liang)輕(qing),便于(yu)運輸(shu)和(he)(he)安(an)裝(zhuang)。它既(ji)然可串(chuan)(chuan)接(jie)(jie)成高(gao)出幾倍的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)合使(shi)用,又可分開成幾套單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使(shi)用。整套裝(zhuang)置投資小(xiao),經濟(ji)實(shi)惠。圖5中,在(zai)第(di)(di)1級(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)第(di)(di)2級(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)每個單(dan)元(yuan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中都有(you)一個勵(li)磁(ci)繞組(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)(he)A2、C2。在(zai)三臺(tai)串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基(ji)本原理中,低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源加在(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)a1x1上,單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是(shi)(shi)V。勵(li)磁(ci)繞組(zu)(zu)A1、C1給第(di)(di)2級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian);第(di)(di)2級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)勵(li)磁(ci)繞組(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第(di)(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。第(di)(di)2級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)(he)第(di)(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)箱體(ti)分別處在(zai)對(dui)地為(wei)1V和(he)(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位上,所(suo)以箱體(ti)對(dui)地是(shi)(shi)絕緣的(de)(de)(de),試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)箱體(ti)是(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)地的(de)(de)(de)。這樣第(di)(di)1級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)(di)2級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地的(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別為(wei)1V、2V、3V;其額定(ding)容量(liang)(liang)分別為(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器做(zuo)被試品(pin)的工頻耐壓(ya)試驗使用接線原理圖(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)5。
圖中:R1—限流電阻(zu) FRC—阻(zu)容(rong)分壓器 RF—球間隙保護電阻(zu) G—球間隙 CX—被試品
注:高(gao)壓尾必須可靠接(jie)地(di)
工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗中限流電(dian)阻R1應根據試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)來選擇。如高壓(ya)側額(e)定(ding)(ding)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)流在(zai)100~300mA時,可取(qu)0.5~1Ω/V(試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya));高壓(ya)側額(e)定(ding)(ding)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)流為(wei)1A以上時,可取(qu)1Ω/V(試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya))。常用水電(dian)阻作(zuo)為(wei)限流電(dian)阻,管子長度可按150kV/m考慮(lv),管子粗細應具有(you)足夠的(de)(de)熱容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(水阻液配(pei)制方法:用蒸餾水加(jia)入適量(liang)(liang)硫酸銅配(pei)制成各種不同(tong)的(de)(de)阻值)。
球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)及保(bao)護電阻(zu):當電壓超過(guo)球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)整定值(zhi)時(一般取試(shi)驗電壓的110%~120%),球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)放(fang)電,對被試(shi)品起(qi)到保(bao)護作用(yong)。球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)保(bao)護電阻(zu)可(ke)按1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電壓)選取。
在(zai)(zai)工(gong)頻(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中,低電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非常準(zhun)確的(de)(de)(de),其(qi)原因(yin)是由于試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)漏(lou)抗,在(zai)(zai)這個漏(lou)抗上(shang)必然(ran)存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或容(rong)(rong)升,使試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于或高(gao)于低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反(fan)映出(chu)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi),被(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),也就是所(suo)謂容(rong)(rong)升現象。感應耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi),試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)抗必然(ran)存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準(zhun)確測(ce)(ce)(ce)量被(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)上(shang)所(suo)施加的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),因(yin)此(ci)常在(zai)(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接(jie)入FRC阻容(rong)(rong)分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工(gong)頻耐壓試(shi)驗操(cao)作(zuo)注意(yi)事(shi)項
1)試驗人(ren)員應做好(hao)分工,明確相(xiang)互間聯系方法。并有專門人(ren)監護現場保障(zhang)及觀察試品狀態。
2)被試品應先清掃干凈,并一定(ding)干燥(zao),以免損壞(huai)被試品和試驗帶來的誤差。
3)對于大型試(shi)驗,一(yi)般都應先進行空(kong)升試(shi)驗。即(ji)不接試(shi)品時升壓至試(shi)驗電壓,校對各種(zhong)表(biao)計(ji),調整球間(jian)隙(xi)。
4)升壓(ya)速(su)度不(bu)能太快,并必須防(fang)止突然(ran)加壓(ya)。例(li)如調壓(ya)器不(bu)在零位時突然(ran)合(he)閘。也(ye)不(bu)能突然(ran)切(qie)斷電源,一般應在調壓(ya)器降至零位時拉閘。
5)當電(dian)壓(ya)升至試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)時,開(kai)(kai)始計時,到1min后,迅(xun)速降壓(ya)到1/3試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)以(yi)下時,才能拉開(kai)(kai)電(dian)源。
6)在升壓或耐(nai)壓試(shi)驗(yan)過程中,如發現(xian)下列(lie)不正常情況(kuang)時(shi),應立即降壓,切斷電源(yuan)。停止試(shi)驗(yan)并查(cha)明原因:①電壓表指(zhi)針擺動很(hen)大;②發現(xian)絕緣燒焦或冒煙(yan);③被試(shi)品(pin)內有不正常的聲音。
7)耐壓試驗前后(hou)應測(ce)量絕緣(yuan)電阻,檢(jian)查絕緣(yuan)情況。
試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器在做被試(shi)品(pin)的直流(liu)耐壓(ya)或(huo)泄露試(shi)驗時接(jie)線原理圖(tu)如(ru)圖(tu)6。
注(zhu):此試驗應先抽出短路桿“D”,圖6中(zhong)所示。
圖中:VD—高壓硅堆 R1—限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu) C1—高壓濾波電(dian)(dian)容 FRC—阻(zu)容分壓器 CX—被試品 μA—帶保護微安表
泄露試驗(yan)中(zhong)限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1選擇(ze)在額定輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時,輸出(chu)端短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不超過(guo)高壓硅堆的(de)*大整流。如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓硅堆的(de)很(hen)大整流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為100mA時用于60kV的(de)試驗(yan)裝置中(zhong),限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇(ze)。限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)還應具有足夠的(de)容量和沿面放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距離。
高(gao)壓濾波電容(rong)(rong)C1一般選擇在0.01~0.1μF,當被試品的電容(rong)(rong)量很(hen)大時(shi),C1可省略(lve)不用。
泄(xie)露試驗(yan)的(de)操作(zuo)及(ji)注意事項(xiang)
1)試驗前(qian)應先檢查(cha)被(bei)試品是否停電,接(jie)地放(fang)電,一(yi)切對外連(lian)線是否擦干(gan)凈。要嚴防將試驗電壓(ya)加到有人工(gong)作(zuo)的部位上去。
2)接(jie)(jie)好試驗(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)線后(hou),應(ying)復查無誤后(hou)才可加(jia)壓(ya)。應(ying)特(te)別注(zhu)意檢查高(gao)壓(ya)設備及引(yin)線與地、與操作人員的(de)(de)(de)可靠距離,被(bei)試品的(de)(de)(de)外殼是否可靠接(jie)(jie)地,要(yao)按(an)操作規程(cheng)中(zhong)所規定的(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)進(jin)行試驗(yan)(yan)。
3)對于大電(dian)容量設備(bei)應(ying)緩(huan)慢升壓(ya),防止被試品(pin)的(de)充電(dian)電(dian)流燒壞微(wei)安表(biao)。必要時應(ying)分級加壓(ya),分別讀(du)取各級電(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)微(wei)安表(biao)的(de)穩定(ding)讀(du)數。
4)試驗過程中,應密切(qie)(qie)監視被試品(pin)、試驗裝置、微安表,一(yi)旦(dan)發生擊穿、閃爍等異(yi)常現象應立(li)即降壓(ya),切(qie)(qie)斷電源,并查明原因,詳細記錄。
5)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)完(wan)畢,降壓,切斷電(dian)源后應將被試(shi)品及(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)裝置本身充分放電(dian)。
四、注意事(shi)項(WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV高壓(ya)變壓(ya)器服務快捷深受廣大(da)客戶好評(ping))
1、按照您所進行的試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)接(jie)(jie)好(hao)工作線路(lu)。試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓器的外殼以及操(cao)作系統(tong)的外殼必須(xu)可靠(kao)接(jie)(jie)地。試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓器高壓繞組的X端(高壓尾)以及測量繞組的F端必須(xu)可靠(kao)接(jie)(jie)地。
2、做串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)時(shi),第(di)2級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器的低壓(ya)繞(rao)(rao)組的X端(duan),測量繞(rao)(rao)組的F端(duan)以(yi)及高(gao)壓(ya)繞(rao)(rao)組的X端(duan)(高(gao)壓(ya)尾)均接本級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器的外殼。第(di)2級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器的外殼必須通過絕緣支架接地。
3、接通電源前,操作系統的調壓(ya)(ya)器必須調到零位后方(fang)可接通電源,合閘,開始(shi)升壓(ya)(ya)。
4、從(cong)零開始均(jun)勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)器手輪(lun)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)方(fang)法有(you):快速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法,即20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法;慢速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法,即60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法;極慢速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法供選用。電壓(ya)(ya)從(cong)零開始按一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)方(fang)式和速(su)(su)度上升(sheng)(sheng)到您(nin)(nin)所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額定試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)75%后,在以(yi)每秒2%額定試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度升(sheng)(sheng)到您(nin)(nin)所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額定電壓(ya)(ya),并密(mi)切注意測量儀表的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指示以(yi)及被試(shi)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)過(guo)程中或試(shi)驗(yan)過(guo)程中如發現(xian)測量儀表的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指示及被試(shi)品情(qing)況異(yi)常,應(ying)立即降壓(ya)(ya),切斷(duan)電源,查明情(qing)況。
5、試驗(yan)完畢后,應在數秒內勻速的將調壓器返回(hui)至(zhi)零位,然后切斷(duan)電源。
6、本產品不(bu)得超(chao)過額(e)定參數使(shi)用。除試驗必須外,決不(bu)允(yun)許全電(dian)壓通電(dian)或斷電(dian)。
7、再升(sheng)壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試驗過程(cheng)中,如發現以下不正常情況時,應(ying)立即降壓(ya),切斷(duan)電源,停(ting)止試驗并查明原因。
⑴電壓(ya)表指針(zhen)擺動(或數字跳動)很大
⑵電流(liu)表直線上升
被試(shi)品內有不正常的聲音
8、圖1中第9項系壓(ya)力閥(fa)及壓(ya)力表(biao),為(wei)長期關閉(bi)狀態。每6個月(yue)開閥(fa)一次,以檢(jian)查SF6壓(ya)力,應不(bu)小于(yu)0.2MPa(檢(jian)查壓(ya)力后立即關閉(bi)閥(fa)門(men)),低于(yu)0.2MPa時(shi)應加SF6氣體,以增加氣絕緣。
9、耐(nai)壓實(shi)驗前(qian)后(hou)應測量被試(shi)設備的絕(jue)緣電阻,檢查(cha)絕(jue)緣情況。
10、當試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器長期不使用時,應放置于(yu)通風、干燥(zao)、無陽光直射(she)的(de)地方。
11、該產品不(bu)允許在高于45℃的溫度下長(chang)期存放、使用、放氣。
12、運(yun)輸(shu)搬運(yun)途中不得重力沖擊。
13、產品緊固(gu)件及壓力閥、壓力表不得擅自松動。
14、使用本產品(pin)做高(gao)壓(ya)試驗時,出熟悉本說明書外(wai),還必(bi)須嚴格執(zhi)行國家有(you)關標準和操(cao)作規程(cheng)。可參照(zhao)GB311-83《高(gao)壓(ya)輸變設(she)備(bei)的絕緣(yuan)配合,高(gao)壓(ya)試驗技術(shu)》;《電氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)預防性試驗規程(cheng)》等。
五、容量選擇(WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV高壓變(bian)壓器(qi)服(fu)務快(kuai)捷深受(shou)廣大(da)客戶好評)
標稱試(shi)驗變壓器容(rong)量Pn的確定公式(shi):Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中:
Pn——標稱試(shi)驗變壓器容量(kVA)
Vn——試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的額(e)定輸(shu)出高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)的有效值(kV)
k ——保(bao)障系數。k≥1,標稱(cheng)電壓Vn≥1MV時,k=2;標稱(cheng)電壓較低時,k值可取高一些。
Ct——被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)的電(dian)容量(pF)
ω——角頻(pin)(pin)率(lv),ω=2πf, f——試驗電源的(de)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)
被(bei)試設備(bei)的電(dian)容量Ct可(ke)由交流(liu)電(dian)橋測出。Ct的變(bian)化很大,可由(you)設(she)備的類型而(er)定(ding)。
典型數據(ju)如下(xia):
簡單的(de)棒式或懸式絕緣子 幾十微法
簡(jian)單的分級套(tao)管 100~1000pF
電壓互感器 200 ~ 500pF
電力變(bian)壓(ya)器 < 1000kVA ~1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000~10000pF
高(gao)壓電力電纜和油浸紙絕緣 250~300pF/m
氣(qi)體絕緣 ~60pF/m
封閉變(bian)電(dian)站,SF6氣體絕(jue)緣 100~10000Pf;
對(dui)于不同的(de)試驗電壓(ya)Vn,選擇不同的(de)(適當的(de))可(ke)靠系(xi)數k。
以(yi)下(xia)列出(chu)不同的(de)Vn所選用(yong)的(de)k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2
與(yu)此同時,打(da)造“四新(xin)”示范實(shi)(shi)踐是一項(xiang)具(ju)有(you)挑戰性(xing)、開創性(xing)的戰略性(xing)工(gong)程(cheng)。國(guo)網(wang)山東(dong)電(dian)力將貫徹(che)新(xin)發(fa)展理念,堅(jian)持系統觀念,強化(hua)(hua)規劃帶領,重點(dian)做好“六(liu)個轉(zhuan)變(bian)”。在公司發(fa)展方式上,落實(shi)(shi)“一體四翼”發(fa)展布(bu)局,由傳統電(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)向(xiang)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)聯網(wang)企業(ye)轉(zhuan)變(bian),積極(ji)培育新(xin)業(ye)務、新(xin)業(ye)態(tai)、新(xin)模式,延伸產業(ye)鏈、價值(zhi)鏈。在電(dian)網(wang)發(fa)展方式上,由以大電(dian)網(wang)為主,向(xiang)大電(dian)網(wang)、微電(dian)網(wang)、局部直流(liu)電(dian)網(wang)融合(he)發(fa)展轉(zhuan)變(bian),推進電(dian)網(wang)數字化(hua)(hua)、智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)、透(tou)明化(hua)(hua),滿足新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展和優化(hua)(hua)配置(zhi)需要(yao)。在電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展方式上,積極(ji)可靠有(you)序發(fa)展核電(dian),堅(jian)持集中(zhong)開發(fa)與(yu)分(fen)布(bu)式并舉科學有(you)序發(fa)展風電(dian)、光伏(fu)等新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan),優化(hua)(hua)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)“外電(dian)入魯(lu)”;優化(hua)(hua)煤(mei)電(dian)功能(neng)(neng)定位,由支撐性(xing)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)向(xiang)調節(jie)性(xing)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)轉(zhuan)變(bian);大力發(fa)展抽水蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)等調峰電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。在營銷(xiao)服(fu)務模式上,由為客(ke)戶提供(gong)單向(xiang)供(gong)電(dian)服(fu)務,向(xiang)發(fa)供(gong)一體、多元用能(neng)(neng)、多態(tai)服(fu)務轉(zhuan)變(bian),打(da)造“供(gong)電(dian)+能效服務(wu)”模式(shi),建設(she)好的供電服務(wu)體系(xi),更(geng)新構建“互聯網+”現代客戶服務模式。在調度運(yun)行(xing)模式上,由以大(da)電源大(da)電網(wang)為主(zhu)要控制對象(xiang),向(xiang)源網(wang)荷儲協調控(kong)制轉變(bian);由(you)源(yuan)隨荷動(dong)的調度模(mo)式向輸配微網多級(ji)協同(tong)的調度模(mo)式轉變(bian)。在(zai)技(ji)術更新模(mo)式上,由(you)以企(qi)業(ye)自主開發(fa),向跨行業(ye)跨領(ling)域合作開發(fa)轉變(bian),技(ji)術領(ling)域向源(yuan)網荷儲全鏈(lian)條延伸。
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